Wednesday, January 16, 2013

TCP / IP - Alternative Bandwidth


TCP / IP - Alternative Bandwidth 

Kecepatn communications, kaapasitas telecommunications networks, can be classified according to the Bandwidth. Bandwidth is the frequency range of telecommunications channels. Bandwidth determines the maximum transmission rate of the network. Speed, and capacity of the data transmission rate is usually measured in bytes per second (bps). This is sometimes called the baud rate (taken from the name of the French inventor, JME Baudor), although the actual baud is a measure of the change in the signal transmission path. 

Narrow-Band Channel generally provides high transmission rate is low, only up to 64 Kbps, but now can provide up to 2 Mbps. The channel is usually a line pair, which is not protected, which is used for telephone communication, and for the communication of data by modem, computer, and other equipment. Channel medium speed (meddium-band) using path-protected pair for transmission speeds of up to 100 MBps. 

Line Broadband provides high-speed transmission rate, the interval between 256 000 bps to beberpa billion bps. Generally, these lines using short-wave, optical fiber, or satellite transmission. Examples are communication channels T1, at 1.54 million bps or T3, at 45 MBps, up satellite communication channels, 100 Mbps, and anatar 52 MBps and 10 Gbps for fiber-optic lines. Rouse is currently being upgraded PT.TELKOM INDONESIA the use of optical subscriber line, so customers can enjoy drawing at home video, telephone, internet at the same time at a very high speed. Access technology used to use MSAN (Multi Service Access Node), which is connected directly to the Main Frame Server Metro-Ethernet (high speed backbone transmission) supported Softwitch (for ID phone number or mobile phone), IP TV Server (cable TV services ) and BRAS (speedy service). 

TCP / IP - Alernatif Switching 

Regular telephone services rely on circuit switching, where a switch make a circuit, to establish connections between the sender and receiver. This connection remains open until the communication session is completed. In message switching, a message is sent within a specified time, switching from one device to other devices. 
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Packet switching involves the distribution of communication messages, into the fixed, or variable called packets. For example, the X-25 protocol, the package along 128 characters, tamun its frame relay technologies vary in length. Dikjalankan general packet switching network, the carrier-added (value-added carrier), which uses a computer, da other communications processors, packet switching for the control process, and send packets to berbagaipemakai in the network. 

The initial packet switching network, is the X-25. Prokol X-25, the standard that governs intrnasional operations, a widely used, but it is a packet switching protocol which is also popular, and is widely used by large companies to WAN. Frame Relay is much faster than the X-25, and more able to cope with the flow of dense telecommunication LAN, which are interconnected in a network client / server companies. ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is a new cell switching technology, high capacity. ATM Switch solves voice, video, and data into cells other remains sebesar53 bytes (48 bytes of data and 5 bytes of control information), and megarahkan to its destination in the network. ATM networks are being developed, many companies memputuhkan high capacity multimedia capabilities, for data communications, voice and video.

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