Work Flow Management

Work Flow Management

Many of the business processes in e-commerce applications that can be managed and automated with the help softwaremanajemen Part of the work flow. Work flow systems for e-Business collaboration company helps employees electronically collaborate to accomplish tasks in a structured work-based business process knowledge. Work flow management in e-Business and e-Commerce software relies on machine work flow (workflow engine software) which contains a variety of software models in the underlying business processes to be completed. The work flow model reflects the series that has been applied in advance of the various business rules, roles of stakeholders, authorization statement, alternative delivery, databases used, and the sequence of tasks required to process each e-Commerce. Thus, the current system is working to ensure that transactions, decisions and activities appropriate work done, as well as the data and correct document has been sent to the employees, suppliers, and other parties with an interest in the company (stakeholders).

Notification Activity

Most applications are system-driven activity, which responds to a variety of activities, from the first Web site access by new customers, to process the payment and delivery, and for the invaluable customer relationship and supply chain management activities. This is why the supply chain process event notifications (event notification) system plays an important role in e-commerce, because customers, suppliers, and employees and other stakeholders should be informed about all the activities that have an impact on their status in various tansaksi. Software works with event notifications work flow software to monitor all e-Commerce processes and records all relevant events, including sudden changes or problematic situations. The system then works with the user profile creator software to automatically notify all stakeholders are seen in a variety of transactions using the method used by the user or electronic messages, such as email, newsgroups, pagers, and communication via fax. This includes notifying the management company so that they can monitor their employees resposivitas of various e-commerce activities and responses of customers and suppliers.

Cooperation and Trade

The main categories of e-commerce is a process that supports the importance of cooperation agreements and trading services needed by the customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders to complete e-commerce transactions. So in a previous post, we have discussed how e-business tools focused on the customer such as email, discussion systems, and group discussions, growing interest in online communities among the employees and customers to improve customer service and build customer loyalty in e-Commerce. Fundamental cooperation among trading partners in e-commerce can also be provided by the internet based trading services. For example, the Web portal of B2B e-commerce provided by companies such as Ariba and Commerce One supports the matching process, negotiation, and mediation between buyers and sellers. In addition, B2B e-commerce platform and relies heavily on Internet-based trading portal that provides online purchase and auction for the company's e-Business. Therefore, lelalng and developed online trading companies such as FreeMarkets leh, have changed the procurement process in many large companies. This and other e-commerce will be discussed next post.

Search Management

Search Management

Search process efficiently and effectively provide the ability for Web sites of leading e-commerce to help customers find the products or services they wish to be evaluated or purchased. E-Commerce Software may include components of a search engine Web site, or search engine companies can get special e-commerce search technology companies such as Google and Requisite Technology. Search engines can use a combination of various search techniques, including search by content (product descriptions, for example), or based on parameters (eg, above, below, or between a certain range of values ​​for the various properties of the product).

Content Management and Catalog

Content management software helps e-commerce companies to develop, generate, transmit, update, and save text data and multimedia information on the site, an e-Commerce site. For example, the German media giant Bertelsmann, owner of some of BarnesandNoble.com, using the content manager software StoryServer to produce Web page templates that allow the online editor of six international offices easily publish and update the review books and information lainny products, which are sold (by syndicate ) to other e-Commerce sites.

The contents of the e-Comerce often shaped multimedia catalog regarding product information. So, create catalogs and manage content is the main circuit from content management. For example, W.W. Grainger & Co., a distributor of industrial parts worth several billion dollars, using catalog management software suite centerstage to pull data from more than 2,000 suppliers database, standardize and translate the data into HTML or XML for use on the Web, and administer and improve the delivery of data to fast as multimedia Web pages on their web site, www.grainger.com

This software and management tools profiler working with the foregoing, to personalize content of Web pages viewed by each user. For example, Travelcity.com using OnDisplay content management software to drive personalized promotional information about oppurtunity  another trip to the users while they remain trlibat in online transactions relating to their journey.

Lastly, the content and catalog management can be expanded to include product configuration processes that support Web-based self-service and mass adjustments over the various products of the company. Configuration software helps online customers to select the optimum range of product features that allow, that can be incorporated into finished goods. For example, Dell Computer and Systems Cysco using the configuration software to sell computers and network processors bespoke to their online customers.

The Principal Subject of e-Commerce

The principal subject of e-Commerce

Principal staple needed in e-Commerce for the operation and management of e-commerce activities are managed well, illustrated and described in general nine major components in the architecture of the e-commerce process. The discussion will focus on the role played by the various processes of the e-Commerce system, but you have to realize that many of these components can also be used in an internal e-business applications are non-trade. An example is a system of Internet-based human resources used by the employees of the company, which can use all except the payment process and product catalog management. The following is a brief discussion of each category of the principal process.

Access Control and Security

E-Commerce processes have to build trust and secure access various parties in e-commerce transactions, through user authentication, access pengotorisasian, and implementation of security features. For example, these processes build an e-commerce site for customers to tell who they are by name and passwords, encryption keys, or certification and digital signature. E-Commerce sites must then authorize access to only those parts of the site accessible to every user needs to complete the transaction. So, you will usually be given access to all the resources of an e-commerce website, ecuali account of another person, company data is limited, and administrative areas webmaster.Perusahaan-companies doing B2B e-commerce can rely on the exchange is limited to obtaining goods industry and services, or through a trade portal site which allows only registered customers are accessing information and trading application. Other security processes to protect the resources of e-commerce sites from various threats such as hacker attacks, theft of passwords or credit card numbers, and system failures. We will discuss many of the threats and security features in a future post.

Creating Profiles and Personalization

Once you have gained access to an e-commerce website, profile creation process can be run to collect data about you and your behavior and choices of your Web site, and build electronic profiles of various characteristics as well as your preferences. User profiles developed using the profiler tool such as registration, cookie files, software searcher behavior in Web sites and user response. This profile is then used to recognize you as an individual user and gives you tam [ilan personalization of the various contents of the site, as well as product advice and personalized Web ads as part of a personalized marketing strategy. Profile creation process is also used to help authenticate your identity for the purpose of account management and payment, as well as to collect data on customer relationship management, marketing planning, and management of web sites. Some of the ethical issues in the user profile creation have been discussed in a previous post.

Various categories of e-Commerce

Various categories of e-Commerce

Many companies are now visible in or sponsoring three basic categories of e-Commerce, e-Commerce Businness-to-customer, business-to-business, and consumer to consumer. Note : We will not explicitly review applications Business-to-Government (B2G) e-Government and in this post. However, many of the concepts of e-Commerce in accordance with apalikasi-application of this kind.

E-Commerce Business-to-Customer (B2C). In the form of this kind of e-Commerce, companies must develop attractive electronic market to sell various products and services to customers. For example, many companies offer e-Commerce Web site that provides a virtual display and multimedia catalogs, interactive order processing, secure payment systems, and online customer support.

E-Commerce Business-to-Business (B2B). E-Commerce category involves e-business center and direct market relationships between firms. For example, many companies offer secure Web site contains a catalog of e-commerce via the Internet or extranets for customers of the company's suppliers and fig. It is also very important is the portal of B2B e-Commerce marketplace that provides auctions and buy jaul for various companies. Other companies can rely on Electronic Data Interchange-EDI, via the Internet or extranets to exchange computer-to-computer over a wide range of e-commerce documents with large customers of the company and its suppliers.

E-Commerce Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C). The huge success of online auctions, such as eBay, where customers (and also the company) can buy and sell to each other in the process of auction website, making a strategic business C2C e-commerce are important. Thus, participating or sponsoring auction firm customer or alternative e-Commerce is essential for B2C, C2B (consumer-to-busines), or B2B. Electronic personal ads of products or services to buy or sell by customers in the electronic newspaper sites, e-Commerce portal customers, or a personal Web site is also a form of C2C e-Commerce is more important.

Electronic Commerce Systems - Introduction to e-Commerce

Introduction to e-Commerce

E-Commerce changing the shape of competition, speed of action and streamlining interactions, products and payments from customers to the company and from the company to the supplier.

For most businesses today, e-Commerce is more than just buying and selling products online. Instead, an e-Commerce covers the entire process of development , marketing, sales, delivery, service, and payment for various products and services are bought and sold in the global market networked customers , with the support of a network of business partners around the world. As will be discussed in this post, e-Commerce systems rely on internet resources and many other information technology to support each step of the process. We will also see that many big or small companies, which are involved in some form of e-Commerce activity. Therefore, developing the ability of e-Commerce has become an important option that should be considered by most companies today.

Scope of e-Commerce

Illustrated the scope of the business processes involved in marketing, purchasing, sales, and service of products and services in companies doing e-Commerce. Companies that rely on e-Commerce either as buyers or sellers rely on Internet-based technology, and applications and e-Commerce services to complete the process of marketing, product discovery, transaction processing, and customer service processes and products. For example, e-Commerce can encompass interactive marketing, ordering, payment and process support to customers through catalogs and e-Commerce auction site on the World Wide Web. However, e -Commerce also includes a variety of business processes such as access to inventory databases by customers and suppliers (transaction processing), intranet access by the customer relationship management system for customer service representatives (service and support), and customer collaboration in product development through exchange email and news groups on the internet (marketing/discovery).

E - Commerce Technology .

What technology is needed for e-Commerce? The short answer is most of the technology and Internet technology that will be discussed in the e-Commerce system . Illustrated technology resources needed by many e-Commerce system, consisting of multiple hardware, software, data, and network components are used to provide e-Commerce Online auction.

Financial Management System

Financial Management System

Company -based financial management system to support business managers and practitioners in decisions relating to (1) business and finance (2) the allocation and control of financial resources within the business. The main categories of financial management systems include cash and investment management, capital budgeting, financial forecasts, and financial planning. The financial needs of a business and analyze a variety of alternative methods of finance. Financial analysts, using financial forecasts relating to the economic situation, business operations, different types of finance available, interest rates, and stock prices and bond to develop a financial plan that is optimal for the business. Electronic spreadsheet software package, DSS software, and Web -based groupware can be used to build and manipulate financial models. Various answers to the question what-if and goal-seeking can be explored when financial analysts and financial managers evaluate various alternatives and their investments. I will discuss in future posts.

Accounting system

Accounting system

The accounting system is the oldest and most information systems used in many companies. They record and report business transactions and other economic activities. Computer-based accounting system to record and report flow of funds through the setting and making of historical financial statements such as balance sheet and income statement. Such a system is also produce forecast future conditions such as forecasting the financial statements and financial budget. Finance a company's performance is measured through such forecasts by other analytical accounting reports.

Operational accounting system emphasizes the maintenance of historical records and making financial reports are accurate. Typically, these systems include transaction processing systems such as order processing, inventory control, accounts receivable, accounts payable, payroll, and general ledger systems. Management accounting system focuses on the planning and control of business operations. The system emphasizes on cost accounting reports, and analytical reports that compare actual performance with predicted.

Relationship illustrated some important accounting information systems are generally computerized by companies large and small. Many accounting software packages are available for this application. The illustration gives a good summary of the fundamental objectives of the six general accounting information systems and critical, which is used by companies large and small.

Online Accounting System

It is not surprising that the accounting information system is illustrated, and transformed by the Internet technology. By using the Internet and other networks, changing the way how the accounting information system to monitor and track business activity. Online and interactive nature of this kind of network requires a new form of transaction documents, procedures, and controls. This is especially true for systems such as order processing, inventory control, accounts receivable and accounts payable. Illustrated these systems are directly involved in the processing of transactions between the company and customers as well as suppliers. Thus, many auto companies use the Internet and other networks that connect to these trading partners for online transaction processing system of this kind that have been discussed in the initial post.

Human Resource System

Human Resource System

The function of Human Resource Management-HRM involves recruitment, evaluation, compensation, and employee development and an organization. The goal of human resource management is the use of the use of human resources effectively and efficiently within the company. Thus, human resource designed to support (1) planning personnel to meet the needs of the company, (2) developing the potential of employees, and (3) control of all personnel policies and programs. Initially, the company, using a computer-based information system to (1) generate payroll paychecks and payroll reports, (2) maintain records of employees, and (3) analyze the use of personnel in business operations.

Many companies that have way more away from the traditional personnel management functions and establish Human Resource Information System-HRIS, which also supports (1) the recruitment, selection, and reporting work, (2) employment, (3) performance assessment, (4) analysis of employee benefits, (5) training and development, and (6) the health, safety, and security.

HRM and the Internet.

The Internet has become a driving force for change in human resource management. For example, oline HRM system may involve the recruitment of employees, through the hiring of employees at the company Web site. The company also uses the services of recruitment and commercial database on the World Wide Web , enter a message in the news group option in the Internet, and communicate with job seekers via email.

Internet has rich information and contacts for employers and job seekers . Well-known Web sites for job seekers and employers in the World Wide Web include Monster.com, Hotjobs.com, and JobWeb.org. These Web sites are full of reports, statistics, and other useful information HRM, such as statements of work by industry, or a list of top-level recruitment market by industry and profession.

HRM and Corporate Intranets

Intranet technology allows the company to process most common HRM applications through the company intranet. Intranet allows the Department of Human Resources to provide 24-hour service to their customers: the employees. Intranets can also disseminate valuable information faster than through previous company. Intranet can collect information online from the employee to the input file to the Human Resources company, and can allow managers and other employees to perform various tasks of Human Resources, with little intervention from the Human Resources Department.

For example, Employee Self-Service-ESS intranet applications, allowing the employee to see a variety of benefits, include travel and expense reports, verifying employment and salary information, access and update their personnel, as well as having data mhave limits time. Through this process entirely electronic, employees can use their Web browser to view the salary and benefits information online, directly from their desktop PCs, laptops they, or various intranet terminals located around the workplace.

The benefits of an intranet is an intranet can serve as a superior training tool. Employees can easily to download various commands and processes to obtain information or education that they need. In addition, employees who are using new technology to look at the various training videos on demand via the intranet. So, intranet negating the need to borrow and browse video training. Employees can also use their corporate intranet to automatically generate payroll sheet, as an alternative to the online job cards. The electronic forms make the process view, enter, and easier to adjust payroll information for employees, as well as for Human Resources practitioners .

Production system

Production system

Production Information System supports production/operations covering all activities related to planning and control processes to produce goods or services. Thus, the function of the production/operations related to the management and operational systems of all business enterprise. Management information system is used for the operation and support of all transaction processing companies have to plan, monitor, and control inventory, purchasing, as well as the flow of goods and services. Therefore, companies such as transport companies, wholesalers, retailers, financial institutions, and service companies must use production information systems/operations to plan and control operasimereka. In this paper, we will concentrate on the production of computer-based application system to illustrate the information that support the functions of production/operations.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)

In the past, the manufacturer operates with a simple inventory model. They built 100 or 100,000 items and sell them through a distribution network. They trace stock inventory and make more when supplies reach the lower limit. However, suddenly the work is rarely done as well as expensive, and configuration options are limited. Everything has changed now. Various concepts such as inventory just-in -time, made ​​-to-order production (build-to -order - BTO), clarity of e -business tool chain for the production of Web-based collaboration, has changed many things in the factory management.

Various production information systems , many of which run through the site , are used to support computer- integrated manufacturing (computer-integrated-manufacturing-CIM). CIM is a general concept which emphasizes that the purpose of the computer-based systems in production should be to :

Simplify (reverse) production processes, product design, and organization of the plant as an important basis for automation and integration.

Automating the production process and the various business functions that support them through computers, machines, and robots.

The integration of all production processes and supporting the use of computer networks, cross-functional business software, as well as other information tekologi.

The general objective of the CIM and such information systems is to create a whole production process is flexible and agile, which efficiently produce a wide range of high quality products. Thus, CIM supports various flexible production system concepts, fast-moving production, and total quality management. Implement such a concept production allows the company to quickly respond to and meet the various needs of customers with high quality products and services.

Production information system helps companies to simplify, automate, and integrate the many activities required to produce various types of products. For example, computers are used to help engineers design better products by using a system of Computer-Aided-Engineering (CAE) and Computer-Aided-Design (CAD), as well as the production process better through  Computer-Aided-Planning (CAP). They are also used to help plan the various types of raw materials required in the production process, which is referred to as Material Requirement Planning (MRP), and integrating MRP with production schedules and operations workshop, called Manufacturing Resource Planning. Many of the various processes in the company's planning system cracked power production is included in the ERP software modules that have been loaded earlier.

System Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is a variety of systems that automate the production process .

Manufacturing Execution System (MES) is a system of performance monitoring information for the operation of the factory workplace .

Control of the process is the use of computers to control the physical processes that are running .

Control of the machine is the use of computers to control various actions share the machine.

Marketing Systems

Marketing Systems

Business functions of marketing associated with the planning, promotion, and sales of existing products in existing markets, as well as the development of new products and markets brbagai new to be able to attract and better serve existing customers and prospective customers. Business firms are increasingly turning to technology to help them perform inference marketing functions, important in the face of changes in the current environment is changing rapidly.

We describe illustrate how marketing information systems provide a variety of information technology that supports the main components of the marketing function. For example, a web site or intranet and internet services to make the process interactive marketing can be done by the customer to be a partner in making, marketing, purchasing, and improved its range of products and services . Sales automation systems using mobile computing and information technology to automate a wide range of activities to support information processing and ma najemen sales. Marketing information systems in customer relationship management, product planning, pricing, and other product management decisions, advertising, sales promotion, and targeted marketing strategies, as well as research and market forecast. Let's take a closer look at all three of these marketing applications.

Interactive Marketing.

Interactive marketing products are found to describe pemaran process that focuses on the customer, which is based on the use of internet, intranet and extranet to create a two -way transaction anatar company with customers or prospective customers. The goal of interactive marketing is to allow companies to use their networks menguntukan in order to attract and retain customers who will be partners preformance company makes , as well as raise the purchase of products and services.

Targeted marketing.

Targeted marketing has become an important tool in developing advertising and promotional strategies to strengthen the company's e-commerce businesses , as well as the location of the company's business . We illustrate the concept of targeted marketing and advertising campaign management that includes five major components, namely :

community; Companies can customize the advertising messages and their web promotion methods to appear in depat people in a particular community. Those interested can berupakomunitas, such as virtual communities online sports fan, or those with a hobby arts and crafts, or geographic community formed by a city or a website other local organizations.

contents; Ads such as electronic billboards or banners can be placed on various Web sites selected, in addition to the company's web site. The contents of these messages are aimed at the target group. An advertising campaign for the product on the opening pages of Internet search engines is a common example .

context; Ads appear only on web pages that are relevant to the content of the product or service. So, advertising is directed only at persons who have been looking for information about a subject (traveling on vacation, for example) associated with the company's products (car rental services , for example).

Demographic or physiographic regions; Web marketing efforts can dtujukan only on the types or certain classes of human beings : not married, twenties, middle- income, male university graduates, for example.

Online Behavior; Advertising and promotional efforts may be established any presence of visiting a website by someone. This strategy is based on various techniques such as search, files a "cookie " that web visitors recorded on the disk drives of various previous visits. This allows the company to trace a person's online behavior on the web site so that marketing efforts (such as cash coupon redeemable at retail stores or e-commerce web sites) can be directed to that person whenever he visited their website.

Sales Force Automation.

More and more computers and the Internet that provides a means to automate the sales force. In many companies, the sales force is equipped with nootbook computer, web browser, and sales contract management software that connects them with marketing websites on the internet, extranet and intarnet their company. This not only improves personal productivity, sales force, but scecara dramatically speed up the capture and analysis of sales data from the field to The marketing manager at the company headquarters. Finally, it enables marketing and sales management to improve the delivery of information and support they provide to their salespeople. Therefore, many companies saw sales force automation as a way to gain a strategic advantage in sales productivity and marketing responsiveness.